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Appendix A
Comparative Tables
Table 1. Energy comparisons.*
Energy, J Energy, Relative
Two 3,500-lb. cars colliding head-on at 55Jmph
9.6 x 10^5 1
Explosion of 1 U.S. ton of TNT
4.2 x 10^9 4,271
Explosion of a 20-megaton fusion bomb
8.4 x 10^16 87,500,000,000
Total U.S. annual electric power production, 1990
1 x 10^19 10,400,000,000,000
Energy released in last second of 10^13 kg fragment of Shoemaker-
Levy 9
~ 9 x 10^21 9,375,000,000,000,000
Total energy released by 10^13-kg fragment of Shoemaker-Levy 9
1.8 x 10^22 18,750,000,000,000,000
Total sunlight on Jupiter for one day
6.6 x 10^22 68,750,000,000,000,000
*1 BTU = 252 (small) calories = 1,055JJ = 2.93 x 10^-4 kWh.
Table 2. Power comparisons.*
Power Producer Power, MW Power, Relative
Hoover Dam 1,345 1
Grand Coulee Dam, final plant
9,700 7.2
Annual average, sum of all U.S. power plants
320,000 238
Average, impact of 1013-kg fragment of Shoemaker-Levy 9,
final sec ~ 9 x 10^15 6,700,000,000,000
Sun 3.8 x 10^20 280,000,000,000,000,000
*1 horsepower = 745.7 W = 7.457 x 10^-4 MW.
Table 3. Size comparisons.*
Object Radius, km Volume, km^3
Jupiter 71,350 (Equatorial) 1.4 x 10^15
67,310 (Polar)
Earth 6,378 (Equatorial) 1.1 x 10^12
6,357 (Polar)
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 4.5 (Equivalent sphere) 382
Comet Halley 7.65 x 3.60 x 3.61 365
*1 mi. = 1.609 km
Table 4. Brightness comparisons.
Object Magnitude Vo(V Mag. at Opposition) Relative Brightness
Largest fragment of Shoemaker-Levy 9 during last second
~ -10 1,000
Jupiter -2.5 1
Ganymede 4.6 1/692
Io 5.0 1/1,000
Largest fragment of Shoemaker-Levy 9 as viewed today
23.7 1/30,000,000,000